植被动力学模式中物候方案的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

田东晓  曾晓东 《气候与环境研究》2015,20(6):726-734

植物物候是指植物生长过程中呈现出的季节性现象,一般与植物所处的气候与环境变化密切相关。植被动力学模式研究的物候主要表现为叶面积指数变化,直接影响陆气间的碳通量与水热交换,同时影响物种间的竞争,从而间接地影响生态系统的结构组成。按照建模方法的差别,目前模式中使用的物候方案可分为使用卫星观测资料的物候方案、基于物候——气候关系的统计模型和基于叶碳平衡(周转)的动力学模型三大类。将植物物候分为物候期的触发和物候期叶片的发育过程两部分,分别对国际上广泛使用的八种全球植被动力学模式进行分类描述,对比其优缺点。最后探讨了植被动力学模式中物候方案的进一步发展方向。  相似文献   

Global and Regional Impacts of Vegetation on the Hydrological Cycle and Energy Budget as Represented by the Community Atmosphere Model （CAM3）          下载免费PDF全文

XU Zhongfeng  ZENG Gang  FU Congbin 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(2):85-90

The effects of vegetation and its seasonal variation on energy and the hydrological cycle were examined using a state-of-the-art Community Atmosphere Model （CAM3）. Three 15-year numerical experiments were completed： the first with realistic vegetation characteristics varying monthly （VEG run）, the second without vegetation over land （NOVEG run）, and the third with the vegetation characteristics held at their annual mean values （VEGMEAN run）. In these models, the hydrological cycle and land surface energy budget were widely affected by vegetation. Globaland annual-mean evapotranspiration significantly increased compared with the NOVEG by 11.8% in the VEG run run, while runoff decreased by 13.2% when the realistic vegetation is incorporated. Vegetation plays different roles in different regions. In tropical Asia, vegetation-induced cooling of the land surface plays a crucial role in decreasing tropical precipitation. In middle latitudes and the Amazon region, however, the vegetation-induced increase of evapotranspiration plays a more important role in increasing precipitation. The seasonal variation of vegetation also shows clear influences on the hydrological cycle and energy budget. In the boreal mid-high latitudes where vegetation shows a strong seasonal cycle, evapotranspiration and precipitation are higher in the summer in the VEG run than in the VEGMEAN run.  相似文献   

长江流域夏季降水的贝叶斯多模式集合概率预测          下载免费PDF全文

LI Fang  ZENG Qing-Cun  LI Chao-Fan 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(5):314-319

A Bayesian probabilistic prediction scheme of the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) summer rainfall is proposed to combine forecast information from multi-model ensemble dataset provided by ENSEMBLES project.Due to the low forecast skill of rainfall in dynamic models,the time series of regressed YRV summer rainfall are selected as ensemble members in the new scheme,instead of commonly-used YRV summer rainfall simulated by models.Each time series of regressed YRV summer rainfall is derived from a simple linear regression.The predictor in each simple linear regression is the skillfully simulated circulation or surface temperature factor which is highly linear with the observed YRV summer rainfall in the training set.The high correlation between the ensemble mean of these regressed YRV summer rainfall and observation benefit extracting more sample information from the ensemble system.The results show that the cross-validated skill of the new scheme over the period of 1960 to 2002 is much higher than equally-weighted ensemble,multiple linear regression,and Bayesian ensemble with simulated YRV summer rainfall as ensemble members.In addition,the new scheme is also more skillful than reference forecasts (random forecast at a 0.01 significance level for ensemble mean and climatology forecast for probability density function).  相似文献   

An Updated Coupled Model for Land-Atmosphere Interaction. Part Ⅰ: Simulations of Physical Processes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

ZENG Hongling  WANG Zaizhi  JI Jinjun  WU Guoxiong 《大气科学进展》2008,25(4)

A new two-way land-atmosphere interaction model (R42_AVIM) is fulfilled by coupling the spectral at- mospheric model (SAMIL_R42L9) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmo- spheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sci- ences (LASG/IAP/CAS) with the land surface model, Atmosphere-Vegetation-Interaction-Model (AVIM). In this coupled model, physical and biological components of AVIM are both included. Climate base state and land surface physical fluxes simulated by R42_AVIM are analyzed and compared with the results of R42_SSIB [which is coupled by SAMIL_R42L9 and Simplified Simple Biosphere (SSIB) models]. The results show the performance of the new model is closer to the observations. It can basically guarantee that the land surface energy budget is balanced, and can simulate June-July-August (JJA) and December-January- February (DJF) land surface air temperature, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, precipitation, sea level pressure and other variables reasonably well. Compared with R42_SSIB, there are obvious improvements in the JJA simulations of surface air temperature and surface fluxes. Thus, this land-atmosphere coupled model will offer a good experiment platform for land-atmosphere interaction research.  相似文献   

1955-2005年中国极端气温的变化   总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27  

张宁  孙照渤  曾刚 《南京气象学院学报》2008,31(1):123-128

利用1955-2005年中国234站逐日最高、最低气温资料,通过计算趋势系数等,研究了中国年、季极端气温变化趋势的时空特征。结果表明：空间分布上,我国年和四季的极端低温均表现出稳定的增温趋势;年、春季和夏季极端高温在黄河下游地区出现了较明显的降温趋势,而在华南地区增温趋势较显著;时间演变上,无论年还是四季,极端低温的增温幅度明显大于极端高温的增幅;极端气温在四季均有增温趋势,尤其以冬季的升温最明显;年极端高温和低温的年代际变化基本一致。  相似文献   

湘黔边境一次高空槽前型飑线天气过程的成因分析     

陈红专  曾志明  杨素珍  宋明 《湖北气象》2008,27(3)

综合多种观测资料,对2006年8月1日发生在湘黔边境的一次强对流天气过程的成因进行了分析.结果表明:这是一次典型的高空槽前型飑线过程,副热带高压的迅速东退、强湿度梯度及其南北两侧冷暖空气的辐合造成的强湿度锋锋生作用触发了强对流;强对流发生前和发生时大气层结的不稳定、良好的水汽输送及辐合条件对其发生发展十分有利;高层强辐散与低层强辐合的耦合形势以及强上升运动为强对流的发生发展提供了有利的动力条件.  相似文献   

靖江王陵三维数字化系统设计与关键技术研究     

周国奎  张帆  张慎满  曾祥忠 《测绘通报》2015,(8):105-109

利用激光扫描、无人机航摄等测绘手段对靖江王陵陵墓遗址建立了三维数字化信息系统,将数字化保护与考古研究有机结合,设计了系统的技术路线,研究了涉及的激光点云球面投影的三角网构网、高保真度纹理映射、多源数据融合的陵墓三维场景建模和文物信息组织与查询等关键技术,采用高真实感仿真和高效信息查询技术可逼真表现文化遗产场景、查询文物信息。通过本文工作建立的靖江王陵三维数字化系统在靖江王陵文化遗产的保护、考古、旅游、文化传播、信息化建设等方面有着重要的意义。  相似文献   

北斗区域导航定位精度分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曾琪  何俊 《测绘通报》2015,(11):15-19

采用全球均匀分布MGEX站的观测数据,详细分析了北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的卫星可见性、PDOP值分布,以及伪距单点定位精度,并将其结果与GPS和BDS+GPS组合系统进行了比较分析,讨论了不同定权方法对BDS+GPS组合系统定位精度的影响。试验结果表明,在全球大部分地区,GPS的定位性能优于北斗系统,在亚太中低纬度地区,BDS的定位精度与GPS相当甚至超过GPS;BDS+GPS组合系统的定位精度通常优于单一系统,但随机模型不准确也可能导致组合系统的定位精度不如单系统;Helmert方差分量估计可以在一定程度上提高组合定位精度。  相似文献   

大数据时代下地理信息公共平台建设展望     

曾元武  陈泽鹏  方晓乐  吴永静 《测绘通报》2015,(11):84

在大数据时代来临的背景下,地理信息公共平台不仅要在原有的地图浏览、兴趣点查找、定位服务等模式下提供更好的体验,还要满足相关信息挖掘推送、快速数据分析决策等时代趋势要求。本文以广东省地理信息公共平台现有框架为基础,结合大数据技术,概述了下一代平台的建设方向。  相似文献   

位场各阶垂向导数换算的新正则化方法   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

曾小牛  李夕海  贾维敏  刘代志 《地球物理学报》2015,58(4):1400-1410

位场垂向导数大量应用于位场数据处理与解释中.当前广泛采用的位场各阶垂向导数换算方法为基于Laplace方程并结合波数域和空间域方法的具有递推特性的ISVD(integrated second vertical derivative)算法.本文在位场垂向导数换算的正则化方法和径向平均功率谱的基础上,提出一种位场各阶垂向导数换算的新正则化方法.新正则化方法仅需通过分析位场径向平均功率谱来确定一个截止波数,即可稳定换算位场各阶垂向导数.理论模型和实测数据实验结果表明:(1)新正则化方法物理意义明确、计算简单,且各阶垂向导数换算的稳定性和精度明显优于ISVD算法;(2)在用新正则化方法求得各阶垂向导数的基础上,利用泰勒级数法可以获得大深度、高精度的位场向下延拓结果.  相似文献